Guidelines for a Term Paper

A term paper is a research paper required at the end of a school semester. It tracks and evaluates students’ knowledge about the course. Usually a scientific report or a discussion of an assigned topic, a term paper requires a lot of research and technical writing expertise. This academic writing assignment must be well-written, analytical, organized, and well-researched—as this reflects your knowledge of a certain course.

IARE GUIDELINES

Title

Abstract

/* 200-300 words*/

Keywords

/* 5-6 words*/

Introduction

/*minimum half page*/

/*Topic*/

/*minimum two page*/

Conclusion

/*minimum half page*/

References

/*minimum 10 papers (DO NOT MENTION URL)*/

 IARE GUIDELINES

Term Paper FORMAT

The following should be considered when choosing a topic:

    Length: Consider the length of the required assignment. Will it be 10 pages long or 5 pages short? How many words are required? Considering the length will help you choose a certain topic because you will be able to decide how broad or narrow your subject will be.

    Resources: You can look for any available online resources. Make sure you have hands-on books and other materials to reference for your paper.

    Complexity: Make sure that you will be able to explain your topic—no matter how complex it may be. If you have questions, don’t be afraid to ask experts. Have your professor explain certain areas in your topic that you don’t feel you’ve fully grasped.

How to Start a Term Paper

A good way to start is by creating a compelling and creative title. Your title page is the first impression of your work, so make sure that it will capture your reader’s attention.

Term Paper Outline

The outline should be produced before and while researching and writing a term paper because it will serve as the basis around which you will build your work. There are a lot of templates to choose from, but most of the time your instructor will require you to follow a certain essay format. The main parts should include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.


                                                              CHECK HERE FOR

           ******************** THE SAMPLE TERM PAPER********************

Title: LISTENING IS NOT THE SAME AS HEARING -

Abstract: 
Hearing is an accidental and automatic brain response to sound that requires no effort. We are surrounded by sounds most of the time. For example, we are accustomed to the sounds of airplanes, lawn mowers, furnace blowers, the rattling of pots and pans, and so on. We hear those incidental sounds and, unless we have a reason to do otherwise, we train ourselves to ignore them. We learn to filter out sounds that mean little to us, just as we choose to hear our ringing cell phones and other sounds that are more important to us. In this paper we try to find the differences between hearing and listening and also try to accrue the skills to enhance our abilities to listen.

Key words: liatening, hearing, brain

Introduction

Someone rightly said, “Hearing is through ears, but listening is through the mind.” The two activities hearing and listening involve the use of ears, but they are different. The hearing is nothing but a sense that helps you receive sound waves and noise by ears. It is the power of perceiving sounds.

On the contrary, listening is when you receive the sound waves and understand it by paying full attention to the words and sentences of the speaker. It is one’s ability to correctly receive and interpret the message transferred by the other party in the process of communication.

For many people, these two activities are one, but the truth is, the difference between hearing and listening is vital. so have a glance at this article to understand the terms completely.
Content: Hearing Vs Listening


Definition of Hearing

The natural ability or an inborn trait that allows us to recognize sound through ears by catching vibrations is called the hearing. In simple terms, it is one of the five senses; that makes us aware of the sound. It is an involuntary process, whereby a person receives sound vibrations, continuously.

A normal human being’s hearing capability ranges from 20 to 20000 Hertz, called as audio or sonic. Any frequency above and below the given range is known as ultrasonic and infrasonic respectively.
Definition of Listening

Listening is defined as the learned skill, in which we can receive sounds through ears, and transform them into meaningful messages. To put simply, it is the process of diligently hearing and interpreting the meaning of words and sentences spoken by the speaker, during the conversation.

Listening is a bit difficult, because it requires concentration and attention, and the human mind is easily distracted. People use it as a technique to comprehend, what is being said, through different verbal and non-verbal signs, i.e. how it is being said? What type of words is used? Tone and pitch of voice, body language and so on.

Active listening is the key element; that makes the communication process effective. Further, it encompasses making sounds that show listener’s attentiveness and providing feedback. It had a greater influence in our lives and used to gain information, learn and understand things and so on.
Key Differences Between Hearing and Listening

The following points are vital so far as the difference between hearing and listening is concerned

   1. An individual’s ability to perceive sounds, by receiving vibrations through ears, is called the hearing. Listening is something done consciously, that involve the analysis and understanding of the sounds you hear.
 2.   The hearing is the primary and continuous in nature, i.e. the first and foremost stage is hearing, followed by listening and it occurs continuously. On the other hand, listening is temporary, as we cannot continuously pay attention to something for long hours.
3.    The hearing is physiological, which is through one of our senses in the living organisms. On the contrary, listening is a psychological (conscious) act.
 4.   While hearing is a passive bodily process that does not the involve use of the brain. As opposed to listening, it is an active mental process, which involves the use of brain to draw meaning from words and sentences.
 5.   Hearing involves receipt of the message through ears. Conversely, listening encompasses interpretation of the message received by ears.
 6.   The hearing is an inborn ability but listening is a learned skill.
    In the hearing, we are not aware of the sounds that we receive, however in the case of listening, we are completely aware of what the speaker is saying.
 7.   Hearing involves the use of only one sense i.e. ears. In contrast, listening, involves the use of more than one senses i.e. eyes, ears, touch etc. to understand the message completely and accurately.
8.    In the hearing, we are neither aware nor we have any control over the sounds we hear. On the other hand, in listening, we are aware of what the other person is saying and so we listen to acquire knowledge and receive information.
 9.   Hearing does not require focus whereas listening does.

Conclusion

So, with the discussion, it is quite clear that listening is one step ahead of the hearing. The hearing is simply the ability to hear, i.e. natural or God-given however, listening is an acquired skill, which only a few people possess. While the hearing is involuntary and performed effortlessly, listening is done intentionally, wherein we are selective and pay attention to only those messages, we think important for us.

References:
1.Study on the influence of voice on listening comprehension

2. Listening as a lifelong learning skill- what, why, and how

3. Imporoving the listening skills through "The Discovering Listening Technique" Using Podcast
4. How to improve listening skills for technical students

5.The 10 Principles of Listening

6. Useful ideas to improve your listening skills

7.Issues and Strategies in Improving Listening Comprehension in a Classroom

8. Listening: What's Really Going on in the Classroom?

**************************

ELCS LAB10

ELCS LAB10

DATE: 01-04-2020

ACTIVITY: 
A. INCULCATING INTEREST IN ENGLISH USING THINKING BLOCKS 
B. EXPANDING IDIOMS AND PROVERBS


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


A. INCULCATING INTEREST IN ENGLISH USING THINKING BLOCKS

A. INCULCATING INTEREST IN ENGLISH USING THINKING BLOCKS   Thinking Skills are mental processes we use to do things like: solve problems, make decisions, ask questions, construct plans, evaluate ideas, organize information and create objects.

One of the true measures of language proficiency is how well someone can use idioms (see example). Idioms cannot be translated directly into other languages, and confuse foreign students who cannot translate them word by word. 

DRAW THIS DIAGRAM 

Skill1: Interpretation 
 What it means: Having the ability to understand the information you are being presented with and being able to communicate the meaning of that information to others

Skill2:Analysis
What it means: Having the ability to connect pieces of information together in order to determine what the intended meaning of the information was meant to represent.
Skill 3: Inference
What it means: Having the ability to understand and recognize what elements you will need in order to determine an accurate conclusion or hypothesis from the information you have at your disposal.
Skill 4: Evaluation
What it means: Being able to evaluate the credibility of statements or descriptions of a person’s experience, judgment or opinion in order to measure the validity of the information being presented.
Skill 5:Explanation
What it means: Having the ability to not only restate information, but add clarity and perspective to the information, so it can be fully understood by anyone you are sharing it with.
Skill 6: Self-Regulation
What it means: Having the awareness of your own thinking abilities and the elements that you are using to find results.


B. EXPANDING IDIOMS AND PROVERBS

An idiom is a phrase that has a meaning which is different from the meanings of each individual word in it. For example, if someone says to you “I’m pulling your leg”, you might think it is strange because you would definitely be able to feel if someone was holding your leg and pulling it! This idiom actually means that they are teasing you or playing a joke on you.
EXAMPLE IDIOMS:
1. ‘The best of both worlds’ – means you can enjoy two different opportunities at the same time.
Example: By working part-time and looking after her kids two days a week she managed to get the best of both worlds.”

2. ‘See eye to eye’ – this means agreeing with someone.
Example: They finally saw eye to eye on the business deal.

3. ‘When pigs fly’ – something that will never happen.
Example: When pigs fly she’ll tidy up her room.”

What is a PROVERB?
It a short, well-known pithy saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice.

EXAMPLE PROVERBS:
1. A fool and his money are soon parted.
Meaning: Foolish people do not know how to hold on to their money.
Example: She gave up her entire estate on the basis of a verbal promise. A fool and his money are indeed easily parted.

2. Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.
Meaning: An incapable person can gain powerful position if others in the fray are even more incapable.
Example: Despite his obvious lack of exposure and skills, he became head of the department because he is one-eyed among the blind.

                                                                 THE END

ELCS LAB 9

ELCS LAB 9

DATE: 25-03-2020

CALL LAB: CORRECTING COMMON ERRORS
ICS LAB: WRITING A REVIEW ON A FILM

CALL LAB: CORRECTING COMMON ERRORS

Grammar Mistakes

1. It’s or Its

Example Mistake: The spider spun it’s web. Its a very beautiful web.

Tip: “Its,” without an apostrophe, is the possessive version of a pronoun. In the above example, we should use the possessive “its” to talk about the spider’s web, because the web belongs to the spider.

2. Subject-verb Agreement

Example Mistake: The list of items are on the desk.

Tip: In the above sentence, the list of items is one singular list. Therefore, we should not use “are.” We should use “is.”

Correction: The list of items is on the desk.

3. Gone or Went

Example Mistake: She had already went to the bathroom before they got in the car.

Tip: If you aren’t sure whether to use “gone” or “went,” remember that “gone” always needs an auxiliary verb before it. Auxiliary verbs include: has, have, had, is, am, are, was, were, be.

4. Watch, Look, See

Example Mistake: Stop watching my private journal. / I look at the snow falling. / I don’t play tennis, but I look at them playing every day.

Tip: “See,” “look” and “watch” are often confused in meaning. However, they should be used in different situations. The difference between the three verbs can be explained in the following way:

    Look — to look at something directly.
    See — to see something that comes into our sight that we weren’t looking for.
    Watch — to look at something carefully, usually at something that’s moving.

5. Loan or Borrow

Example Mistake: Can you borrow me that book? You can loan me my notes.

Tip: The listener may be confused since “loan” means “to give” and “borrow” means “to take.” It’s simple memorization that’s required to get the correct meaning.

For example, “borrow me that book” means “take me that book” in the above example. Where do you want the listener to take the book? That isn’t what you meant to say!

Instead, you would like to use the book, so you want someone to give it to you.

Correction: Can you loan me that book? You can borrow my notes.


 6. Incorrect: Myself I am Suresh babu.

Correct: I am Suresh babu.

While introducing oneself, it is usually observed that the users mix up both the possessive pronoun 'myself' and the subject pronoun 'I'.

7. Incorrect: I am having four brothers and three sisters.

Correct: I have four brothers and three sisters.

Present continuous tense cannot be used for pragmatic situations such as this. Simple present tense should be used.

8. Incorrect: Last before year she got very good marks. 

Correct: Year before last she got good marks.

Phrases that can be used: Month before last, Day before last, Week before last.

9. Incorrect: He did not wrote the test last week.

Correct: He did not write the test last week.

The helping verb 'did' is followed by the present tense of the verb and not the past tense form.

10. Incorrect: I came to office by walk.

Correct: I came to office on foot.

We can say "by car", "by bike", "by bus", "by train" and "by flight". However, we cannot say "by walk", as it is the "foot" which is being used to travel and not "walk".

11. Incorrect: What is the time in your watch?

Correct: What is the time by your watch?

12. Incorrect: Our classroom is in the 2nd floor.

Correct: Our classroom is on the 2nd floor.

13. Incorrect: He has white hairs.

Correct: He has grey hair.

All the hair on one's head is considered uncountable and so, "hairs" is almost always incorrect.


ICS LAB: WRITING A REVIEW ON A FILM

1 Read, watch, or listen to the work more than once
The first time you read or watch something, get an overall sense of the work. Then think about its strengths and weaknesses. Read or watch it again to confirm your first impressions.

2 Provide essential information
Tell readers the complete title of the work and the name of its author or creator.  Check your facts. The details in a review must be accurate.

3 Understand your audience
Reviews appear in all sorts of places. Research the places you hope to publish your review, and write accordingly.

4 Take a stand
State your opinion of the work you’re evaluating. Your review can be negative, positive, or mixed. Your job is to support that opinion with details and evidence.

5 Explain how you’re judging the work
Decide on your criteria, the standards you’ll use to judge the book, show, or film.

6 Introduce evidence to support your criteria
Support your judgments with quotations or descriptions of scenes from the work. Also consult outside sources

7 Know the conventions of the genre
Every type of writing or art has specific elements. Consider theme, structure, characters, setting, dialogue, and other relevant factors. Understand these conventions and take them into account as part of your criteria.

8 Compare and contrast
Comparison can be a great way to develop your evaluation. Suppose you claim that a film has wonderful, original dialogue.

9 Do not summarize the entire plot
Books, films, and television shows have beginnings, middles, and endings. People read and watch these works in part because they want to know what happens.

EXAMPLE

Released in 1999, American Beauty shocked the audience, questioning the very basis of the American family life ideal. A powerful and provoking tragical comedy, created by Sam Mendes and a wonderful cast of Kevin Spacey (Lester Burnham), Annette Benning (Caroline Burnham), Mena Suvari (Angela Hayes) and Thora Birch (Jane Burham), exploits the usual topic of the midlife crisis, but uncovers a deep hidden conflict of the personality feeling oppressed within the limits of the “normal” life and the society, which uses a wide range of tools to make you behave in the correct way.

*****************

 

ELCS LAB 5

ELCS LAB 5

19-02-2020

CALL - WORD STRESS AND RULES

Syllable and types of syllables (to be written)

To communicate clearly when you are speaking in English, it’s important to stress the correct syllables in each word. This is called word stress, which means pronouncing one syllable of a multisyllabic word with greater emphasis (stress) than the

other syllables in the word. Here are four general rules to keep in mind about word stress as you practice pronunciation:

Stress the first syllable of:
Most two-syllable nouns (examples: CLImate, KNOWledge)

Most two-syllable adjectives (examples: FLIPpant, SPAcious)

Stress the last syllable of:
Most two-syllable verbs (examples: reQUIRE, deCIDE)

Stress the second-to-last syllable of:
Words that end in -ic (examples: ecSTATic, geoGRAPHic)

Words ending in -sion and -tion (examples: exTENsion, retriBUtion)

Stress the third-from-last syllable of:
Words that end in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy (examples: deMOCracy, unCERtainty, geOGraphy, radiOLogy)

Words that end in -al (examples: exCEPtional, CRItical)

 A few things to remember:
1. A word can only have one stress.
In a very long word you can have asecondary stress, but it is always a much smallerstress.
2. Only vowels are stressed, not consonants.
The vowels in English area, e, i, o, and u. The consonants are all the other letters.
3. There are many exceptions to the rules.
The word stress rules in English are complicated. Remember that there are exceptions to everyrule. Use a dictionary to check the word stress of new words. .

ICS - DESCRIBING PERSONS PLACES AND THINGS

DESCRIBING OBJECTS

When you wish to describe anything, you must have an eye for the detail. You
must be a good observer. Suppose you were going for a walk. There was a middleaged man struggling up the road on his bicycle. Suddenly, a car came at a great
speed, its horn screaming, and its fend struck the cyclist. The bike and the man fell
down. The car did not stop. There was an enquiry. The police inspector asked you:
 The Inspector : Can you identify the car?
 You : It was a big car. I think it was a Tata Sumo.
 The Inspector : Are you sure? What was its colour?
 You : Yes. It was a Sumo. And it was olive green.
 The Inspector : Can you remember the number of the car?
 You : No, I am sorry. It happened so quickly. I was looking at the
cyclist who fell down.
 The Inspector : Couldn’t you at least see if the car was from this state or
from outside? 

Describing Persons:

It is very important to observe people and be able to describe them.

1. Geeta Kulkarni is twenty two years old. She is very short and has long curly
hair. The best feature in her face is a set of lovely dimples when she smiles,
which she often does.
2. Mahendra is twenty five years old. He is a thin man. He has wheatish
complexion and a small moustache.
3. Ratna is a fifteen year old girl. She is dark skinned, and has a broad face and
very long hair always in a plait.

 Study the following descriptive
details:
 age : old, terribly old
 face: : wrinkled, puckered
 general appearance : not pretty, but beautiful
 figure : short and fat and slightly bent
 manner of walking : hobbled, with one hand resting on her waist
 hair : silver, scattered untidily
 dress : spotless white
 action : lips moved in prayer, hand telling rosary beads.

Height : Normally we talk of height in feet. We can only guess someone’s
height. We can say: He must be five feet six inches tall. She is about
five feet three inches.
But very often we say:
He is rather tall. She is rather short. She may come up to my shoulders.
He is of a medium height. He is very tall for an Indian. She cannot be more than five
feet.
Weight : If we know, we can say how much a person weighs. But while
describing, we talk about weight in general terms. We make use of
adjectives such as:
 fat, thin, slim, overweight, plump, famished, well-built, stocky,

Face and Head: When you describe someone’s face you say something about his or
her eyes. Eyes can be:
 blue, black, brown, grey or green

Hair : Hair can be black, blond, in colour. In size the hair can be long or
short, curly, wavy, straight, closely cropped, tied in a bun, or left loose
round the shoulders.
Moustache: This is in the case of men. There can be a thin moustache or ample
moustache, curved or sloping down. Or a man can be just cleanshaven.
Lips : lips can be thin, red, or wide, and thick 

 Describing Places:

 When writing description of places, you need to write about : 1) where it is (its location), what it is --- a castle, a museum, an art gallery, a temple, a palace, etc 2) if it is a historical place, its possible period, when it was built, 3) its structure and its present state, 4) if it is a town, a hill station, then where it is situated, what it is known for, etc. Read this description of Matheran, a hill station in Maharashtra: Matheran: Matheran is a hill station in the district of Raigad. It is situated at the height of 800 meters in the hill ranges of Sahyadri mountain. This beautiful place was discovered in 1850 by the Governor of Bombay (now Mumbai), Lord Elphinston. This is a very peaceful and pleasant hill station, where cars are not allowed. It is a heaven for those who love nature. You see hills covered with green grass.There is a meter-gauge train running from the railway station Neral, which slowly winds up its way to Matheran. It’s a wonderful experience to travel by this train.    

****************

ELCS LAB - 6

ELCS LAB - 6


22-02-2020


CALL LAB: NEUTRALISING OF MTI (MOTHER TONGUE INFULENCE)


Mother tongue influence or MTI means the impact of the way your first language is spoken on the second language you are trying to learn. For us, it means effect of our mother tongue on the way we speak English. The mother tongue like-accent is able to affect the ability to pronounce foreign language words.


These are some ways to remove MTI from your English:


Listen to as much as possible in English: You should listen to English News and also watch English movies. ...

Record your voice: By recording your voice you can hear for yourself as to what is your problem area and then work on it and solve the wrong pronunciation.


    Make Sure To Listen As Well As Speak. ...
    Record Your Conversation Practice. ...
    Surround Yourself With The English Language. ...
    Practice With Music and Movies. ...
    Read Aloud. ...
    Talk To Yourself.


Here are 5 easy steps for to start improving your English Pronunciation skills right now.

    Open and move your mouth when you speak English. ...
    Slow down and speak up. ...
    Listen more carefully to yourself. ...
    Listen more carefully to others. ...
    Spend some time on pronunciation.

ICS LAB: ETIQUETTE


What is Etiquette ? :What is Etiquette ? Etiquette in simpler words is defined as good behaviour which distinguishes human beings from animals. Etiquette means behaving yourself a little better than a absolutely essential. Etiquette refers to guidelines which control the way a responsible individual should behave in the society .


Need for Etiquettes :Need for Etiquettes Etiquette makes you a cultured individual who leaves his mark wherever he goes. Etiquette teaches you the way to talk, walk and most importantly behave in the society. Etiquette is essential for an everlasting first impression. The way you interact with your superiors, parents, fellow workers, friends speak a lot about your personality and up- bringing. Etiquette enables the individuals to earn respect and appreciation in the society. No one would feel like talking to a person who does not know how to speak or behave in the society.Etiquette helps individuals to value relationships.


Types of Etiquette:

1.      Eating Etiquette
2.     Telephone Etiquette
3.     Corporate Etiquette
4.     Meeting Etiquette
5.     Business Etiquette
6.     Social Etiquette

Eating Etiquette-  Individuals must follow certain decorum while eating in public. Wash your hand before and after the meal Don’t make noise while eating. One should not leave the table unless and until everyone has finished eating. Chew with your mouth closed.


Telephone Etiquette-  It is essential to learn how one should interact with the other person over the phone. Telephone etiquette refers to the way an individual should speak on the phone.

Corporate Etiquette-   Corporate Etiquette refers to how an individual should behave while he is at work. Each one needs to maintain the decorum of the organization. Treat your coworkers,cleaners,maintenance people and other with respect and courtes.


Meeting Etiquette-  Meeting Etiquette refers to styles one need to adopt when he is attending any meeting, seminar, presentation and so on. Listen to what the other person has to say. Never enter meeting room without a notepad and pen.



Business Etiquette-  Business Etiquette includes ways to conduct a certain business. Don’t ever cheat customers.


Social Etiquette-   Social etiquette is important for an individual as it teaches how to behave in the society Say Thank you always,Specially when someone holds or open the door for you Walk on the sides of the road Don’t talk while you cross a road or driving a vehicle.

***********

What is a Role-play?

What is a Role-play?

Role-play is an activity where one would be given a role to play. Role play is any speaking activity where you either put yourself into somebody else shoes or you may stay in your own shoes but put yourself into an imaginary situation. In these speaking activities, the student can assume the role of any one such as managers, chef, officers etc. and experience the joy of learning by involving in the character chosen by him or her.

Greetings:

·         Hi, how are you?

·         Hello! What a surprise!

·         Hello! It‘s nice meeting you again

·         How are things with you?

Enquiring/making request for help/seeking directions:

·         Excuse me, could you help me please?

·         Is there a medical store close by?

·         Could I ask you a favour?

Complaining

·         I regret to bring to your notice that some of the items supplied by you are of poor quality.

·         I‘m sorry to say this, but you are playing a loud music.

·         I have a complaint to make.

Offering suggestions, to advise or to persuade:

·         Stop using polythene bags immediately.

·         I suggest you repeat these expressions twice each.

·         Let‘s repeat these expressions for practice.

Make apologies and respond to apologies:

·         I must apologize for…..

·         I‘m terribly sorry about…..

Introduce yourself….

·         Good morning/hello! /hi! my name is/ I‘m ……..

·         I‘ve just joined ……

·         I‘m from …….

. Dos and Donts of ROLE play

DO’S:

1.     Understand and analyze the situation.

2.     Identify your role and act accordingly.

3.     Frame your sentences, questions and answers properly.

4.     Be as natural as possible. Be yourself.

DON’TS:

1.     Be in a hurry to say something.

2.     Keep yourself detached from the given role.

3.     Speak unchecked.

4.     Put on an accent or look animated.

CSE D - ASSIGNMENT_1

MADHAVAN'S SPEECH - listen and comment

WRITE YOUR POINT OF VIEW AND MAIN ASPECTS OF HIS SPEECH IN THE COMMENTS BOX

Mention your Name and Roll Number in the content that you write in the comments box.
(minimum limit:200 words)