Notes 4 Module 2 Speaking Skills

Module 2 
Question and Answers 11 to 20

11.Explain the various aspects of facial expressions. 
Answer: 
Answer: Facial expressions are one form of nonverbal communication. A smile can indicate approval or happiness. a person is able to convey with just a facial expression. A frown can signal disapproval or unhappiness. In some cases, our facial expressions may reveal our true feelings about a particular situation. Just a few examples of emotions that can be expressed via facial expressions include:
1.Happiness
2.Sadness
3.Anger
4.Surprise
5.Disgust
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12.Define visual aids.
Answer:
Visual aids means an item of illustrative matter, such as a film, slide, or model, designed to support written or spoken information. It can be understood more easily as they help the speaker to maintain interest and assist comprehension in his or her presentation. Most visual aids will need advance preparation. They should be operated with efficiency. The speaker must check what facilities are available in advance and plan the presentation accordingly.
List of various visual aids:
1.Whiteboards and Interactive Whiteboards
2.Flip chart
3.Over-head projector (OHP)
4.Slides
5.Video
6.PowerPoint or other presentation software
7.Handouts
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13.Write a short note on slide preparation.
Answer:
Slides of excellent visual quality can have great impact on any size of group.However, a good idea of color combination is required for the images to be seen clearly. This causes the audience to focus on the information and appreciate the content of the topic.
Steps of preparing the slides:
1. Prepare the content first.
2. Make points to map the information.
3. Then decide the number of slides to be prepared.
4. Slides are to be prepared in the correct order.
5. Give numbers to the slides so that the order is maintained.
6. Keep all visuals simple: focus on major points only.
7. Use the same font size and style for similar headings.
8. Use the layout provided in the PowerPoint template for your title page and for all slides.
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14.Explain the preparation of power point presentation. 
Answer:
Power point presentation is a software mostly used for presentations by students or professionals or amateurs alike. This software makes the task of presentation easy by providing previously prepared lay outs for the presentation.
Steps of preparation:
1. Various types of frames are given to include the content in the slides. We can chose any one type and include the content there.
2. Use the same font and size through out the ppt.
3. Choose the pleasant color combinations that are audience friendly. This ensures smooth flow of presentation.
4. Keep the bullet points
5. We can import content by including the links in the slide.
6. Show a slide, allow the audience to read it, then explain it.
7. Rehearse by practicing talking to the audience and keep a floppy disk or pen-drive in case of equipment failure.
8. Most important of all, Do NOT read from a slide.
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15.What are flip charts?
Answer:
A flip chart is a popular, low cost, low tech solution to recording interactive meetings and brainstorming sessions.
A flip chart can be prepared in advance and is portable; it requires no power source and no technical expertise.  Flip charts are ideal for collecting ideas and responses from the audience and are good for spontaneous summaries.
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MODULE 2

NOTES 4

16.Explain the utility of OHP and TV in a presentation.
Answer:
OHPs (Over Head Projectors) are suitable for both large and small groups although the machines can be noisy and unreliable and the projector can obscure the screen. OHPs as a method of presenting have now largely been replaced by presentations projected from a computer onto a whiteboard or other screen.
TV: consider this wise Chinese proverb:"Tell me, I forget. Show me, I remember. Involve me, I understand." Television proves this proverb to the core. Television in the class room can be used to show and highlight the discussions and live debates in order to establish speaking skills in the students. TV also helps in understanding the body language cues to make an impact on the right postures and gestures of the speaking personalities. 
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17.What are the basic techniques of oral presentation?
Answer:
As the person in charge of the situation when presenting, it is your job to make your audience feel comfortable and engaged with both you and the material of the presentation.
● maintain eye contact. Only look at notes or slides very briefly. Sweep the room with your gaze, pausing briefly on various people.
● be aware of your body posture.
● be enthusiastic about your topic.
● Smile
● Slow down your speech. We naturally talk faster when we are nervous. Include pauses to allow your listeners to keep up and time for you to think ahead.
● use gestures to emphasize points and move about the space if possible.
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18.Mention the ways to strengthen your speech.
Answer:
Speech require a good deal of planning.
Scholars estimate that approximately 50% of all mistakes in an oral presentation actually occur in the planning stage (or rather, lack of a planning stage). Make sure to address the following issues:
Audience:
I. Focus your presentation on the audience.
II. Organize your information into three to five points/categories.
III. Build repetition.
Introduction:
•Introduce yourself if needed, providing your affiliation and/or credibility.
•Create an effective opening that will interest your audience: pose a question, give an amazing fact, or tell a short, interesting story.
Main Body:
•Explain your points. Give clear explanations. Provide sufficient evidence to be convincing.
Conclusion:
•Summarize your points.
•Refer to future action if needed.
•End with, “Thank You.”
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19.Explain the factors of planning while preparing for a presentation.
Answer:
The following are the factors fo planning while preparing for a presentation.
Introduction:
•Introduce yourself if needed, providing your affiliation and/or credibility.
•Create an effective opening that will interest your audience: pose a question, give an amazing fact, or tell a short, interesting story.
•Reveal your topic to the audience and explain why it is important for them to learn about.
•Give a brief outline of the major points you will cover in your presentation.
Main Body:
•Explain your points. Give clear explanations. Provide sufficient evidence to be convincing.
Use transitions between sections of your presentation (introduction, body, and conclusion) as well as between points in your main body section.
Use analogies and stories to explain complicated ideas and to build repetition.
Conclusion:
•Signal your conclusion with a transition.
•Summarize your points.
•Refer to future action if needed.
•End with, “Thank You.”
•If answering questions, tell your audience, “I’ll now be happy to answer any questions.”
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20.Mention the ways to make power point presentation. 
Answer:
1. BUILD YOUR SLIDES LAST.
You could be tempted to start monk eying with slides early in your speech writing process – don’t. It’s like building a road – until you know where that road is heading there’s no point laying down sidewalks and planting trees. Your slides are there to ADD to a well-designed speech.
2. DON’T TRY TO REPLACE YOU.
People come to listen to you – your thoughts, interpretations and insights. Fancy transitions, YouTube clips, and tons of text steal from your content and delivery.
Remember: every time you hit that clicker the audience leaves you and goes to the screen.
3. USE A CONSISTENT THEME.
A consistent theme pulls together the variety in your images and message, as you move from problem to solution. You could use the baked-in themes supplied in PowerPoint or Keynote – I don’t because I want a simpler, more unique look.
I create a custom theme simply with my titles, a consistent white background, and sometimes with my logo or my client’s logo.
4. ONE NARRATIVE PER SLIDE.
In   60 minute speech, one can have 30-35 slides, depending on content or complexity of the message. Each slide represents a complete thought.
5. FADE TO BLACK WHEN SPEAKING.
 When you forget the information, you regain your audience’s attention. For example, after presenting one solution, you fade to black while you explain on how to apply the solution in your work.
6. WHEN IN DOUBT, DUMP IT.
In the process of presentation, slides can be essential – they can also be a distraction. When you are struggling, trying to decide if you need a slide, or not, just simply slip over the useless slide.

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Notes 3 Module 2 Speaking Skills

Module 2
Notes 3
SPEAKING SKILLS
Questions listed under 01 - 10 (PART-1)
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1.Define the term ‘speaking’.
Answer: 
Speaking is an act of making vocal sounds
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2. Discuss the significance of speaking
 Answer: Language is a tool for communication. We communicate with others, to express our ideas, and to know others’ ideas as well. Communication takes place, where there is speech. Without speech we cannot communicate with one another.
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3. Mention any four aspects of essentials for effective speaking.
Answer: The essentials of effective speaking are
1. The audience is not the enemy
2. Write your speech word for word
3. Six words that can change the way you speak:  Make a Point; Tell a Story
4. Don't underestimate the power of laughter
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4. Explain the ways to handle the fear of audience.
Answer: The reason why many people avoid public speaking is because they have a fear of it, which is partially feared of an unknown and possibly hostile audience.    Just remember that the audience is not the enemy.   
Just remember to locate some friendly faces out there, those people who seem to be nodding and in general getting enthusiastic about your message

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5. What are the six words that can change the way we speak?
Answer: Six words that can change the way you speak:  Make a Point; Tell a StoryThe speaker should have a point in his/her speech; rather than explain that point to   audience, He needs to have them discover it through experiencing it as part of the story he tells.
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6. Explain the power of laughter
When we laugh, we relax.   When we relax, our minds are more receptive to learning.  A speaker need not be a comedian to make people laugh. Just ask yourself what makes you laugh. Make a note of simple jokes and store them in a folder. This technique works to relax the audience during a session of serious speech. Speakers can insert these into a speech into a place where they will have the most impact.
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7. Define verbal communication.
Answer: Verbal Communication is a type of oral communication wherein the message is transmitted through the spoken words. Here the sender gives words to his/her feelings, thoughts, ideas and opinions. The speaker expresses them in the form of speeches, discussions, presentations, and conversations.
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8. Define non-verbal communication. 
Answer: Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, and body positions. These are collectively known as "body language". This emphasizes what a person is saying. This also offers information about the emotions and attitudes of a person.
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9. Mention the various elements of nonverbal communication. 
Answer:
1.Facial Expressions. Facial expressions are universal across all cultures and nationalities. They express emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust to name a few.
2. Gestures. We wave, point, beckon, and use our hands when we are arguing or speaking animatedly, we express ourselves with gestures often without thinking.
3. Eye Contact. Eye contact is an important form of nonverbal communication. The way you look at someone communicates interest, affection, hostility, or attraction. Eye contact is also important in maintaining the flow of conversation and for gauging the other person's response.
4. Gestures. We wave, point, beckon, and use our hands when we are arguing or speaking animatedly, we express ourselves with gestures often without thinking. However, the meaning of gestures can be very different across cultures and regions, so it is important to be careful to avoid misinterpretation.

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10. Explain the terms postures and gestures in short. 
Answer:
 a) Body Movements and Posture. This includes the way a person stands, the style in which a person walks, even simple things such as the way a person holds his or her head all convey an unspoken message.
b) Gestures. We wave, point, beckon, and use our hands when we are arguing or speaking animatedly, we express ourselves with gestures often without thinking. However, the meaning of gestures can be very different across cultures and regions, so it is important to be careful to avoid misinterpretation.
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MODULE2

NOTES 3