1. Define preview and write the various aspects of it to use it for an effective reading.
Reading Strategy: Previewing
Previewing is a strategy that readers use to recall prior knowledge and set a purpose for reading. It calls for readers to skim a text before reading, looking for various features and information that will help as they return to read it in detail later.
How to do it:
review includes the following steps such as identify the main ideas to better comprehend and retain details you’ll encounter later. Spend time familiarizing yourself with the text as a whole. Check out the author’s biographical information, publication information, and the table of contents. Look at each chapter and read the introduction, subheadings, first sentence of each section, and the conclusion. Take time to read any charts or diagrams included in each chapter.
Why Use It
Previewing a text helps readers prepare for what they are about to read and set a purpose for reading.
The genre determines the reader’s methods for previewing:
Readers preview nonfiction to find out what they know about the subject and what they want to find out. It also helps them understand how an author has organized information.
Readers preview biography to determine something about the person in the biography, the time period, and some possible places and events in the life of the person.
Readers preview fiction to determine characters, setting, and plot. They also preview to make predictions about story’s problems and solutions.
When To Use It
Previewing is a strategy readers use before and during reading.
How To Use It
When readers preview a text before they read, they first ask themselves whether the text is fiction or nonfiction.
If the text is fiction or biography, readers look at the title, chapter headings, introductory notes, and illustrations for a better understanding of the content and possible settings or events.
If the text is nonfiction, readers look at text features and illustrations (and their captions) to determine subject matter and to recall prior knowledge, to decide what they know about the subject. Previewing also helps readers figure out what they don’t know and what they want to find out.
2. What are the techniques to be used to improve vocabulary? Explain in detail?
Easy Ways to Improve and Expand Your Vocabulary:
Communicate (speak and write) more clearly and concisely using these seven tips for learning new words... easy ways to improve and expand your vocabulary.
Looking for tips for improving your vocabulary? Whether you are trying to strengthen and broaden your vocabulary for school or personal growth, the key is a commitment to regularly learning new words.
Why expand your knowledge and use of words? You'll be able to communicate (speak and write) more clearly and concisely, people will understand you more easily, and you will increase the perception (and reality) that you are an intelligent person. Besides, learning new words is a fun activity -- and one you can even do with the people around you. Challenge a friend, family member, or roommate to learn new words with you.
Seven Tips for Learning New Words
1. Read, read, and read. The more you read -- especially novels and literary works, but also magazines and newspapers -- the more words you'll be exposed to. As you read and uncover new words, use a combination of attempting to derive meaning from the context of the sentence as well as from looking up the definition in a dictionary.
2. Keep a dictionary and thesaurus handy. Use whatever versions you prefer -- in print, software, or online. When you uncover a new word, look it up in the dictionary to get both its pronunciation and its meaning(s). Next, go to the thesaurus and find similar words and phrases -- and their opposites (synonyms and antonyms, respectively) -- and learn the nuances among the words.
3. Use a journal. It's a good idea to keep a running list of the new words you discover so that you can refer back to the list and slowly build them into your everyday vocabulary. Plus, keeping a journal of all your new words can provide positive reinforcement for learning even more words -- especially when you can see how many new words you've already learned.
4. Learn a word a day. Using a word-a-day calendar or Website -- or developing your own list of words to learn -- is a great technique many people use to learn new words. This approach may be too rigid for some, so even if you do use this method, don't feel you must learn a new word every day. (Find some word-a-day Websites at the end of this article.)
5. Go back to your roots. One of the most powerful tools for learning new words -- and for deciphering the meaning of other new words -- is studying Latin and Greek roots. Latin and Greek elements (prefixes, roots, and suffixes) are a significant part of the English language and a great tool for learning new words. (Follow these links for the sections of this site that provide English Vocabulary Derived from Latin and English Vocabulary Derived from Greek.)
6. Play some games. Word games that challenge you and help you discover new meanings and new words are a great and fun tool in your quest for expanding your vocabulary. Examples include crossword puzzles, anagrams, word jumble, Scrabble, and Boggle. (Find some word-game Websites at the end of this article.)
7. Engage in conversations. Simply talking with other people can help you learn discover new words. As with reading, once you hear a new word, remember to jot it down so that you can study it later -- and then slowly add the new word to your vocabulary.
3. Explain in detail the techniques of reading and mention your preference and give reasons in support of it.
Reading is a method of communication that enables a person to turn writing into meaning.
- Scanning
- Skimming
- Intensive Reading
- Extensive Reading
This reading technique is used for getting the gist of the whole text lead. We generally use this technique at the time of reading newspaper or magazine. Under this technique, we read quickly to get the main points, and skip over the detail. It is useful in getting a preview of a passage before reading it in detail or reviving understandings of a passage after reading it in detail.
Gist is the general meaning or purpose of a text, either written or spoken. Reading a text for gist is known as skimming. Before answering detailed comprehension questions on a short story, learners read it quickly for gist, and then match the text to a picture that summarises what happens in the story.
Scanning – Reading for specific information
Scanning through the text is a reading strategy that is used for getting some specific points by looking at the whole text. For highlighting the important points of a book the readers can skim through the summary or the preface or the beginning and ending chapters of that book. For example, This technique is used for looking up a name from the telephone guide book.
Significance
Intensive Reading
You need to have your aims clear in mind when undertaking intensive reading. If you need to list the chronology of events in a long passage, you will need to read it intensively. This type of reading has indeed beneficial to language learners as it helps them understand vocabulary by deducing the meaning of words in context. It moreover, helps with retention of information for long periods of time and knowledge resulting from intensive reading persists in your long term memory.
Extensive reading
Extensive reading involves reading for pleasure. Because there is an element of enjoyment in extensive reading it is unlikely that students will undertake extensive reading of a text they do not like. It also requires a fluid decoding and assimilation of the text and content in front of you. If the text is difficult and you stop every few minutes to figure out what is being said or to look up new words in the dictionary, you are breaking your concentration and diverting your thoughts.
Intensive Reading provides the following benifits
Save time because we pay more attention to what we read the first time and do not waste time rereading.
Prepare us for exams because we gain a more in-depth knowledge of the material.
Stay informed about a subject that interests us.
Develop exposure to new ideas or have familiar concepts reinforced.
Create a deeper understanding of life’s complexities.
Achieve intellectual growth.
So intensive reading more preferable technique.
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